一、原文:
?、買t has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.②Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over ZoëZysman.③English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet.④Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
話題:字母順序帶來的歧視(不公)
二、步驟
1.分意群(根據(jù)標志詞分意群:標點前、連詞前、介詞前、動詞前)
2.定屬性(根據(jù)意群的相對位置定屬性:連接詞后是“從句”、)
3.調(diào)語序(根據(jù)屬性調(diào)整意群的語序:定語提前或名詞反復說兩遍、狀語提前)
4.理翻譯(根據(jù)調(diào)整后的語序調(diào)整翻譯:結(jié)合語境和單詞感覺,調(diào)整措辭和翻譯)
三、演練
1.分意群:
It has long been known//that a taxi firm/called AAAA cars/has a big advantage/over Zodiac cars//when customers/thumb through their phone directories.
它早被人們知道/一家出租車公司/叫作AAAA cars/有一個很大的優(yōu)勢/比Zodiac cars//當顧客/翻閱他們的電話簿。
2.定屬性:
?、買t+謂語動詞(或系表)+that,that引導的主語從句后置,用it代替主語,為形式主語
It has long been known that......
正常主謂賓語序應該為That......has long been known,由于主語太長,所以通常后置
?、诿~+過去分詞-ed,過去分詞作后置定語,修飾前面的名詞
called AAAA cars:被“稱作AAAA cars的”
當一個句子中出現(xiàn)兩個動詞(沒有并列連詞),必然只有一個是作謂語,has、be等一定是作謂語動詞;-ed形式的動詞,可以是過去時(此時是謂語動詞),也可能是過去分詞(此時作定語)。區(qū)分過去時和過去分詞的方法就是看該動詞前面名詞的關系,如果是被動關系,如被稱作“AAAA cars”的出租車公司,為被動關系,即為過去分詞作定語。
?、壑骶?when狀語從句,when從句翻譯在主句前:“當......時”
when customers thumb through their phone directories
3.調(diào)語序:
?、倜~+過去分詞,過去分詞作后置定語
a taxi firm called AAAA cars
翻譯成“名為AAAA的出租車公司”
?、趆as a big advantage over Zodiac cars
over在這里表示比較的意思,翻譯在前面:“比Zodiac出租公司更有優(yōu)勢”
4.理翻譯:
難點:cars;over;AAAA及Zodiac;big;thumb through
- cars在這里可以不用翻譯
- over在這里表比較的意思,或者優(yōu)于
- big advantage中big不翻譯成“大”,翻譯為“更有優(yōu)勢”就行
- AAAA及Zodiac這樣的英文大寫字母專有名詞,在翻譯時可以直接照抄,直接翻譯成AAAA及Zodiac
- thumb拇指,thumb through表示翻尋、翻閱的意思
四、理解
It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.
全句翻譯:長久以來人們都知道,當顧客翻尋電話號碼簿的時候,名為AAAA的出租公司就比名為Zodiac的公司更有優(yōu)勢。